[ China Agricultural Machinery Industry News ] The "machine substitution" tide has quietly arrived. At the National People's Congress, some delegates are not worried about the future direction of the migrant workers group with nearly 300 million people. They reminded that "machine substitution" may lead to increasing employment pressure for migrant workers in the future.
Where does the “machine substitution†tide come to migrant workers?
China's manufacturing is moving forward, there is no skill, and migrant workers can only be the "passengers" of the city. The deputies believe that the government and enterprises have the responsibility to provide training opportunities for migrant workers.
Like many new generations of migrant workers, Sichuan guy Zhang Chunqiang sold the takeaway and went back to the rental house to play games. In his early 20s, after graduating from the technical college, he went to an auto parts processing plant as a front-line operator. At the end of last year, a new batch of processing equipment was installed in the factory. He tried to learn for a while, feeling both boring and difficult to understand, so he switched. Zhang Chunqiang did not know that he was only one of the migrant workers who had been "changed" under the tide of "machine substitution".
In October 2016, Foxconn's “Machine Substitution†program of the global large-scale factory was accelerated. Every year, tens of thousands of robots were put into use, and its factory in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province has cut 60,000 employees.
Xu Xiaolan, vice chairman and secretary general of the Chinese Institute of Electronics, said that with the gradual disappearance of China's demographic dividend, labor costs have also increased greatly. Coupled with the influence of physical and emotional factors in the production process, operational stability and labor intensity. If you can't compare with the robot, to a certain extent, the labor-intensive enterprises will have to take the "machine substitution" measures.
Some deputies believe that this practice will cause a large number of migrant workers to find employment difficulties. However, Cao Jing, a skill trainer of Shaanxi Fast Transmission Group, believes that it is not a machine that replaces workers, but a higher demand for skilled workers.
“In the past few years, the scale of the factory has been continuously expanding. Now the 'machine substitution' makes the factory equipment better and better, the manual operation is getting less and less, and the degree is getting higher and higher.†Zhejiang Changsheng Sliding Bearing Co., Ltd. The representative of Zhong Ming said. Xu Zhongming is an operator who has worked in the workshop for more than 30 years. He talked about the rapid development of manufacturing automation in these years. He said that he does not hate machines.
How to use the "machine substitution" this double-edged sword?
The representative of Wahaha Group Chairman Zong Qinghou said that robots can be used instead of labor in some high-risk areas or jobs that workers are unwilling to engage in, but “machine substitution†needs rationality: “all use machines to replace people, how to protect employment. What about people? This is not the original intention of economic development."
The representative of Cao Jing agreed: "The machine should be a part of dirty, hot, tired, poisonous and harmful, mechanically repeated work, and what people need to do is to work with higher skills."
"Machine substitution", where will migrant workers go? "'Machine substitution' is not to replace people, but to promote the technology of peasant engineering, from ordinary operators to skilled workers who operate machines." Representative Xu Qian, a worker technician of Shenyang Blower Group Gear Compressor Co., Ltd., believes that the demand for skilled workers is still exuberant.
However, the fact is that most migrant workers are not fully prepared to upgrade their skills. In 2016, there were 282 million migrant workers in China, and only 35% participated in skills training.
In this regard, the former deputy director of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Yang Zhiming, believes that migrant workers are often the “passengers†of the city without mastering the skills; mastering the skills and solving the numerous problems of migrant workers are “all liveâ€.
“I am a peasant. I know that peasants are short of guilty. Farmers also want to take the initiative to learn technology and transform their skills.†said Zhang Quanshou, secretary of the party branch of Yangcun Yangcun Village, Zhuli Town, Shangcai County, Henan Province.
In response to how migrant workers improve their skills, many representatives of the committee asked questions and made suggestions. Yan Sheng, the deputy director of the National People's Congress Financial and Economic Committee, gave meticulous suggestions to provide a flexible, multi-level, multi-choice, multi-model continuous learning mechanism for migrant workers under the premise of inclusiveness. For example, integrating vocational education and skills training resources, including on-the-job migrant workers in key vocational training programs; establishing on-the-job migrant workers vocational skills training centers; establishing a quality standard system for migrant workers' vocational skills training, and guiding migrant workers to obtain vocational qualification certificates And special vocational ability certificate; establish a farmer's business incubator base, and carry out entrepreneurship counseling and guidance for qualified migrant workers.
According to the survey conducted by the Human Resources Bureau of Dongguan City, Guangdong Province after the Spring Festival in 2016, even in Dongguan, where the “machine substitution†is vigorously promoted, the gaps in the employment of general workers and technicians are still large.
In light of the current actual situation, the representative of Cao Jing believes that a career-oriented learning channel should be created from vocational schools to enterprises, or guidance on skills subsidies should be issued to urge the human and social departments to implement together. At the same time, legislation is adopted to determine the obligation of enterprises to undertake vocational education.
As a representative of migrant workers, Zhang Quanshou hopes that the government will increase investment and establish a sound network of vocational skills training for migrant workers.
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