Open the entire last mile of mechanization in the Huanghuaihai corn production

[China Agricultural Machinery Industry News] Promoting the mechanical harvest of corn kernels is a good way for farmers to reduce the labor intensity and cost-effectiveness of the three autumns. The mechanized harvesting of corn kernels is equivalent to the last one kilometer of mechanization in the true sense of corn production. ".

Open the whole process of mechanization of Huanghuaihai corn production "the last one kilometer"

Whenever you enter the corn harvest season, you need to invest a lot of manpower and material resources. Early harvest, grain filling is not enough to reduce production; late, some varieties will fall off the ear; if you catch the rainy weather, the grain will also be mildewed. In addition, in many places in China, corn is also replanted with wheat rotation. When the corn is harvested, it is necessary to plant wheat when it is harvested. This requires the corn to complete the harvesting operation in time. Therefore, promoting the mechanical harvesting of corn kernels is a good way for farmers to reduce the labor intensity and cost-effectiveness of the three autumns. The mechanized harvesting of corn kernels is equivalent to the “last mile” of mechanization in the true sense of corn production.

After several years of development, the mechanical harvest of corn kernels in Northeast China has been relatively mature. However, the mechanical harvest of corn kernels in the Huanghuaihai region, the second largest production area of ​​corn in China, is still in its infancy. Recently, the Maize Production Wholesale Mechanization Forum, sponsored by China Agricultural Machinery Distribution Association, China Agricultural Mechanization Association, China Agricultural Machinery Industry Association and the National Corn Industry Technology System R&D Center, was held in China International Agricultural Machinery Exhibition, from China's corn production field. Many experts in the same group have focused their attention on the direct harvest of corn kernels in the Huang-Huai-Hai area.

Promoting the direct harvest of corn kernels in the Huang-Huai-Hai area is a must-see

According to statistics, at the end of 2015, the price of corn imported to the shore was 700 yuan lower than that of domestic corn. The high cost of corn production in China is one of the reasons for its high price. The mechanization of corn production is to reduce its production. The key to cost. For the Huanghuaihai area, the mechanized harvesting of corn kernels is equivalent to the mechanized production of corn.” Zhang Shihuang, a scientist of the national corn industry technology system, pointed out at the forum. 2016 is a year in which China's corn market has entered a trough. Due to the policy of changing grain and adjusting the corn planting area in the sickle bend area, the price of corn has declined. However, corn is still one of the food crops with a large area planted in the Huanghuaihai area. "Huanghuaihai area is the second largest corn producing area in China, with an area of ​​180 million mu of corn and an annual output of 70 million tons." Li Haichao, dean of the Agricultural College of Henan Agricultural University, said, "But after the corn harvest in the area, It is necessary to go through the steps of peeling and threshing, which greatly increases the production cost of corn. It is conservatively estimated that the method of 'corn grain directly drying and drying' is lower than the artificial harvesting mu by about 110-320 yuan." Thus, in Huanghuaihai The benefits of mechanized direct harvesting of corn kernels in the region are considerable.

According to experts, the corn grain mechanical harvesting is to use the combine harvester to complete the corn picking, ear peeling, threshing, clearing, straw crushing, etc., and change the traditional corn harvesting mode of the first harvesting and then threshing. It reduces the labor link and saves costs. On the other hand, it can solve the problem of corn straw burning to a certain extent. "In the Huanghuaihai area, in order not to affect the sowing of winter wheat, farmers often burn corn stalks, causing waste of resources and making the autumn cool. The sky is polluted, and the corn grain machine not only achieves the smashing and returning of the straw, but also increases the fertility and reduces pollution to the environment.” Zhang Shihuang explained.

With the acceleration of rural land circulation and the increase of social service organizations such as agricultural machinery cooperatives, the level of agricultural mechanization in Huanghuaihai area has been continuously improved, which also provides a basis for the mechanization of corn grain in the region.

Cultivating suitable varieties is a successful step

“The key to realizing the mechanical harvesting of grain in the Huang-Huai-Hai area lies in the variety”, which is the consensus of the experts participating in the forum. The dehydration rate of corn ear, grain moisture content and breakage rate are important indicators for evaluating the grain size of the harvested machine. Therefore, the step of promoting the direct harvest of corn grain in the Huanghuaihai area requires the adjustment of breeding direction and the support of corresponding technology.

"The varieties suitable for direct grain harvesting should have the characteristics of early maturity, rapid dehydration after ripening, clear plants, dense planting, uniform ear position, high resistance to lodging, inverted folding (resistance to stem rot), hard cob and easy threshing. Most of the farmers in Huaihai are now using the same varieties as the above-mentioned characteristics.” Guo Jianming, deputy general manager of China National Seeds Co., Ltd. said, “At present, the grain moisture in the Huanghuaihai area is about 30% when it reaches physiological maturity, and the grain is lost. The low moisture interval should be 23%-25%, and the daily dehydration rate of the grain is 0.4%-0.8%. Therefore, after the physiological maturity of the corn, it still needs to be dried in the field for about ten days to reach the level suitable for direct grain harvest." The planting system in the Huang-Huai-Hai area is a multi-cropping of corn and wheat rotation. When the corn is harvested, it is necessary to sow the wheat when it is harvested. In order to ensure the time of the farm, the corn is required to complete the harvesting operation in time, and it is difficult to achieve the ten-day drying of the corn in the field. This requires the cultivation of precocious corn varieties. "Short, early, dense, and suitable for machine harvesting has become the breeding and innovation direction generally accepted and practiced by the corn industry in China. I summarized the situation of corn breeding this year into four sentences. 'The situation is good, the people are innovative, the black horses are in groups, the masters are in the folk. 'We found in the survey that the varieties suitable for harvesting the grain have shortened the growth period, thus reducing the water content at maturity to about 25%. There are several varieties even more suitable than the currently suitable grain harvest. Early maturity 3-4 days." Zhang Shihuang is very optimistic about the current corn breeding situation.

As an expert in the national corn industry technology system, Zhang Shihuang also put forward other requirements for the cultivation of new varieties of corn. “In addition to the characteristics of early maturity, the varieties suitable for direct grain harvesting should resist lodging, which is what the people call the 'stalk stalk'. The variety maintains uprightness within 50-60 days after maturity, and the varieties with thick stems are not necessarily resistant to lodging. On the contrary, the stalks are too thick and increase the difficulty of the machine. Experiments show that the varieties with thin stems are more resistant to lodging. In addition, it is necessary to improve the ability of corn varieties to resist ear rot. In the past 20 years, corn ear rot has spread from south to north, hand harvesting, peeling leaves, threshing, and easily removing ear rot and moldy ears. Mechanical mixing has become a big problem. The acquisition of dried kernels and the ear rot will be fatal. Therefore, companies and breeders must pay attention to the breeding of anti-ear rot."